Most ferns reproduce through spores found underneath leaves When mature, the spores explode and release a dark brown, dustlike substance When this comes in contact with warm and moist soil, the process of reproduction begins When the humidity, light and temperature is ideal, new fern plants growIn the sexual mode of reproduction, new plants are produced through the fusion of female and male gametes which forms the embryo This fusion of gametes gives rise to the seed which is the site that would bear the new plant structures in the futurePlants can reproduce either sexually (through spores or seeds) or asexually (vegetatively) There is a geographic pattern to plant reproduction in the temperate zones of the world, cold winters make it difficult for plants to reproduce vegetatively, while in the tropics vegetative reproduction is an option for both wild and cultivated plants
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